Anyone interested in the "debate" (having certain tone used by some people, the quotes are a must) chemtrails / contrails condensation will be certainly came across in the argument concerning the analysis. Those who believe in conspiracy chemtrails has come to spend several hundred euro but also to analyze the content of these trails, but unfortunately the results reached so far are rather disappointing: in the first place because the samples are taken on the ground and not directly Following the suspect and secondly because much of the analysis show the normal content of elements in the soil. To date, no proponent of the conspiracy has ever tried to directly sample a "wake chemical" quota, entrusting their theories to analysis done on rain water and on land (which, among other things, shows the typical composition of rainwater and land). Fortunatamente però gli scienziati non si arrendono così facilmente come i sostenitori delle scie chimiche, infatti in letteratura si trovano numerosi lavori di analisi di scie direttamente in quota. I metodi per analizzare una scia sono sostanzialmente tre:
1- I satelliti
2- I LIDAR
3- Analisi direttamente in quota
I meteorologi e i fisici dell'atmosfera hanno analizzato le scie in ognuno di questi modi a partire già dagli anni '70. La letteratura che ho consultato è piuttosto vasta, riporterò in fondo una breve bibliografia con gli articoli più interessanti. Descriviamo brevemente i tre metodi: con i satelliti è possibile fotografare l'emissione luminosa di una scia. Già un lavoro del 1970, condotto su un B-17, mostrava come fosse possibile esaminare la composizione di una scia in base al suo spettro di emissione (per essere precisi hanno misurato la riflettanza). [1] Certamente qualcuno potrebbe obiettare che negli anni '70 le scie chimiche ancora non esistevano tuttavia è interessante notare come viene descritta la scia di condensazione analizzata:
"Durante il volo erano presenti numerose e persistenti contrails e si presentò l'opportunità di misurare la riflettanza di una contrail di recente formazione."
already in short time many persistent contrails plied the skies, the analysis showed that the content was mostly water. a similar phenomenon is based on a work of 1988 in which a satellite is used to record the issuance of a contrail in the IR spectrum. [2] Even in this case refers to the persistent and non persistent contrails and their interaction with other types of high clouds such as cirrus clouds.
The LIDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) is perhaps an even more powerful because it allows the satellite to analyze the ground a well-defined part of the atmosphere. For example, a 2004 article seems to be specially created to respond to the supporters of the existence of chemtrails. [3] In this paper, the researchers began by photographing some contrails just for fun, then have a brilliant idea: to retrieve the satellite photos of the area and the trails photographed correlate with those of the satellite. Data obtained from this are added to those from the LIDAR, which, thanks to its laser beam is able to measure altitude, composition, size of ice crystals, wind direction and even characteristics of fallout to the ice soil. The purpose of this? Relate to every track a specific flight. Thanks to a database were able to trace the route from which the various trails and to understand what time they were released. Even in this case refers to the persistence for several hours.
Bravi these scientists, but so far no one has ever gone to take samples at high altitude, or maybe you?
In fact there are also numerous articles dealing with sampling at high altitudes with special equipment that can not only measure the humidity inside a contrail, but even the separation of water (volatile) from non-volatile components . In this type of sampling if they were present in the wake of barium, aluminum or mushrooms as claimed by those who believe in chemtrails the analysis would have detected them. This does not only mean that the fuel might be contaminated, but even the existence of mysterious substances that mix tanks hidden in the contrail. [4] [5] [6] [7]
After reading all this, I seem trivial analysis of the leaves of ornamental plants or soil, made by supporters of the plot, but these studies are published would have been enough to ask a meteorologist or personally investigate to find out that someone had already raised the issue of examining the contents of those white trails. Once again it is clear that, if ever there was a conspiracy, it would certainly be the "conspiracy from the blog "to notice. The real thorn in the side of hypothetical conspirators would just scientists who are so vilified.
UPDATE 13/02/2010
I realize that I have left many with the curiosity of what was found in contrails. It was clear that there were no substances assumed by supporters of the plot, but what's in a contrail over water? First, it is important to note that the size of the particles analyzed arrive down to 0.1 microns (ie PM 0.1). The non-volatile substances can be classified into coal (which constitutes the majority population) and various metals. These consist of iron, chromium and nickel in the typical percentage of stainless steel. In some works have also been found nitrate and sulfuric acid. The reference [6] (if you can read it) is a good summary of all other references with a detailed explanation of the formation mechanism of various chemical species as a result of combustion. Finally included is the presence of silicon inside the contrails, but what normally present in cirrus clouds, which is exactly the opposite of what they have always supported the conspiracy.
Bibliography :
[1] WA Hovis, Infrared Reflectance of High Altitude Clouds, Applied Optics; 1970
[2] T.F.Lee; Jet Contrail identification using the AVHRR Infrared Split Window; J. Appl. Meteor.; 1988
[3] D. Atlas; Contrails to Cirrus; J. Appl. Meteor.; 2004
[4] R. S. Gao; Measurements of relative humidity in a persistent contrail; Atmospheric Environment; 2006
[5] A. Petzold; Elemental composition and morphology of ice-crystal residual particles in cirrus clouds and contrails; Atmospheric Research; 1998
[6] B. Karcher; Aviation-Produced Aerosols and Contrails; Survey in Geophysics; 1999
[7] C. H. Twohy; Electron microscope analysis of residual particles from aircraft contrails; Geophysical Research Letters; 1998
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